STARTERS... grammar and structures list

Nouns.
Singular and Plural....irregular plural forms, countable and uncountable and names

Would you like an orange?...quieres una naranja?
Lemons are yellow
Peter has six mice
I eat rice for lunch
Anna is my friend

Adjectives...including possessive adjectives

He's a small boy
His name is Bill

Determiners

It's a banana
This is an apple
Put the hat on the boy's head
I want some milk
These books are blue

Pronouns

demonstrative, personal, and possessive  interrogative pronouns and 'one'

This is my car
Can you see me?
Which is Anna?
Yes, please I'd like one
Which is Anna?
This is mine!
Is that yours?

Verbs

Present Simple

Nick is happy
I don't like eggs
Eat your lunch!
Is that your sister?

Present Continous

What are you doing?
The cat's sleeping

Can for ability

The baby can wave
Can for requests/permission
Can I have some birthday cake? (note the use of some here)

Have got for possession

Have you got a pen?
She hasn't got a dog

Adverbs

now-here-too

Conjunctions
and

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Who
Where
How do you spell that? Spell your name

Have to
Lucy has a book to read

-Ing forms as nouns

Swimming is good.

Story about+ing
This story is about playing football.
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What a/an+adjective+n
What a good dog!
What beautiful fish!

What now?

So do I..............................I love hippos
..........................................So do I

I like football
Me too

Would you like an apple?
Yes, please
Here you are.

Would you like some grapes?
Would you like to colour that ball?


There is/  there are......................There is a monkey in the tree.
                                                       There are some books on the table.

I like swimming

Let's go to the zoo!

Vocabulary...Adults

to be on the dole...estar en el paro
to be on maternity leave...
object to
no intrest in
no regrets about
no recollection / memory of
no hesitation in/about
no intention of doing something
to trespass... entrar sin derecho
trespasser...intruso
no trespassing...prohibido el paso
thug..gamberro, matón
milestone...hito
to outline...esbozar, perfilar
letterhead...membrete
rehearsal...ensayo
mezzanine...entresuelo... un mezzanine es un piso intermedio que se coloca en habitaciones o recintos de suficiente altura, es decir como hacer un balcón en un interior.


a mountain of work
a pile of washing
a pinch of salt
a segment of orange
a ball of wool
a drop of milk
a jet of water ...(un chorro de agua)
a gush of blood
a gang of youth (pandilla)
an item of news...(uncountable noun)
a ray of hope
a speck of dust
a torrent of abuse
a wall of silence
a stroke of luck
a touch of flu....I think I've got a touch of flu
a bunch of flowers
a lump of sugar...un terrón de azúcar
a blade of grass
pot hole: bache

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Prefer/Would rather
Prefer can be followed by a noun, a gerund or an infinitive

I prefer antiques
I prefer staying at home
I prefer to eat a steak

When using PREFER to compare 2 nouns or activities, the preposition TO is used.
I prefer living alone TO living together.

The conditional form 'd (would prefer) is usually followed by an infinitive with TO
I think I'd prefer to stay at home this evening.


Would rather (preferiría)
Would rather is always followed by an infinitive without TO, it means both PREFER and WOULD

PREFER
She likes a proper lunch every day but he'd rather have (he prefers) sandwiches.
She wants to move to Boston but he'd rather live in New York.

When usig WOULD RATHER to compare 2 activities the preposition THAN is used.

I'd rather die than work in London!

but

I'd rather you didn't smoke in here.  Cuando expreso una preferencia para un tercero en el presente debo usar el pasado simple,  I'd rather you, he, she....bought a second hand car.